The images in Carl Schoonover's "Portraits of the Mind: Visualizing the Brain from Antiquity to the 21st Century" (Abrams) will blow your mind.
Images from Portraits of the Mind: Visualizing the Brain from Antiquity to the 21st Century, by Carl Schoonover, published by Abrams. Captions (courtesy of Abrams) refer to both photographers and the scientists who pioneered the techniques behind the images.